Prediction of Housing Location Price by a Multivariate Spatial Method: Cokriging

Cokriging is a multivariate spatial method to estimate spatial correlated variables. This method allows spatial estimations to be made and interpolated maps of house price to be created. These maps are interesting for appraisers, real estate companies, and bureaus because they provide an overview of location prices. Kriging uses one variable of interest (house price) to make estimates at unsampled locations, and cokriging uses the variable of interest and auxiliary correlated variables. In this paper, housing location price is estimated using kriging methods, isotopic data cokriging, and heterotopic data cokriging methods. The results of these methods are then compared.

Analysing spatial interdependence among the 2011 Thailand flood-affected small and medium enterprises for reduction of disaster recovery time period

The authors would like to acknowledge the continuous support and guidance of the colleagues and family members. The author would like to acknowledge the constant support and guidance from Anila Pathak, Nupur Chaturvedi, Meleana Chaturvedi and Aaryana Pathak. ORCID: 0000-0002-2750-8483 (Shubham Pathak).Natural disasters have been a significant hurdle in the economic growth of middle-income developing countries. Thailand has also been suffering from recurring flood disasters and was most which are severely affected during the 2011 floods. This paper aims to identify the various factors that impact the speed of disaster recovery among the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) severely affected by the floods in Pathumthani province in central Thailand, and how it is related to its speed decision of neighbours SMEs. The methodology adopts a spatial econometric model, to analysis and understand each of the chosen factors' impact. The findings include the impact of disaster resilience, mitigation and planning at the SME level as well as the government level. The absence of accurate perception of actual risk, flood insurance and disaster management planning before the 2011 floods had contributed to the severity of the impacts during the 2011 floods

Estimation of Housing Price Variations Using Spatio-Temporal Data

This paper proposes a hedonic regression model to estimate housing prices and the spatial variability of prices overmultiple years. Using themodel, maps are obtained that represent areas of the city where there have been positive or negative changes in housing prices. The regression-cokriging (RCK)method is used to predict housing prices. The results are compared to the cokrigingwith external drift (CKED) model, also known as universal cokriging (UCK). To apply the model, heterotopic data of homes for sale at different moments in time are used. The procedure is applied to predict the spatial variability of housing prices in multi-years and to obtain isovalue maps of these variations for the city of Granada, Spain. The research is useful for the fields of urban studies, economics, real estate, real estate valuations, urban planning, and for scholars.This work was conducted within the framework of a research project granted by CEMIX-6/16 and financed by Banco Santander

Spatio-temporal hedonic model and variographic analysis of housing prices

En este trabajo se presenta un modelo para la interpretación de la variabilidad espacio-temporal del precio de la vivienda en la ciudad de Granada. Para ello, se ha utilizado una base de datos espacio-temporales del precio de la vivienda, elaborada a partir de muestras de corte transversal tomadas en diferentes años. El modelo se fundamenta en un análisis varigráfico de la autocorrelación espacio-temporal de la variable, precio de la vivienda, y de las principales características que influyen sobre éste, entre las que cabe destacar las características constructivas, la localización en el espacio urbano y el momento en el que se ofertó en el mercado inmobiliario.This paper presents a model for interpreting the spatio-temporal variability of the property price in the city of Granada. The database used has been built from sampling for different years. The model is based on spatio-temporal autocorrelation analysis of the variable, property price, and covariates such as house characteristics, location and selling time

Route effect on the perception of public transport services quality

[EN] User satisfaction sets a basic example for public service quality, especially those considered as basic necessities. The quality in transport service related to conceptualization and measurement, as a decisive demand key, presents challenges for both economic and mobility policies. Several operator companies are involved in the transport sector. Therefore this report aims to design a model of overall satisfaction based on the level of satisfaction with a specific set of factors, considering individual characteristics of users and the differential effect of different bus lines. The current presentation has applied a combined method, using Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis (NLPCA) and a Logit Multilevel Model (LMLM) in two-steps.Chica-Olmo, J.; Gachs-Sánchez, H.; Lizárraga, C. (2016). Route effect on the perception of public transport services quality. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2175-2190. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.3515OCS2175219

Do University Students’ Security Perceptions Influence Their Walking Preferences and TheirWalking Activity? A Case Study of Granada (Spain)

Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Data was obtained from own survey and are available with the permission of all authors.A sustainable city must be a safe place for its inhabitants when walking, with the absence of fear of crime being one of its main attributes. Although perceived insecurity is one of the main deterrents of walking activity, this relationship requires some clarification in environments which are walkable and safe, with low crime rates. This article contributes to the evidence for the influence of perceived security on walking activity and, as a novel aspect, also analyzes the effects of perceived security on walking as the preferred travel mode. In order to study this relationship, we use a method that combines non-linear principal component analysis (NLPCA) and a logit model (LM). The data are taken from a survey of university students carried out in the city of Granada. Results show that gender and perceived security have a greater effect on the choice of walking as the preferred travel mode, while location factors have significantly more weight in the explanation of the choice of walking as the most usual travel mode. These findings may be extended to other urban areas and can be of use for the implementation of urban policies aimed at designing the built environment to develop more sustainable citiesR+D+i ERDF B-SEJ-238-UGR2

Influencia del contexto del turista en el CBDBE. Una aplicación empírica del efecto que otros turistas de su entorno geográfico ejercen en la valoración del CBDBE

En el presente trabajo se examina la influencia que el valor contextual de un turista alcanza en el capital de marca de un destino turístico (medido a través del modelo de Customer Based Destination Brand Equity, CBDBE). El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar un modelo explicativo del CBDBE de un turista considerando el efecto indirecto de otros turistas pertenecientes a su mismo entorno geográfico, en base a las variables antecedentes de auto-congruencia, motivación y creación de valor. Se ha encontrado que junto al efecto directo de las variables antecedentes en el CBDBE de un turista, existe un efecto indirecto de estas mismas variables antecedentes ejercido por otros turistas del mismo entorno geográfico. Se utilizó un modelo econométrico espacial que incluye el efecto indirecto que otros turistas del mismo entorno geográfico ejercen en la valoración del CBDBE alcanzada por un turista determinado. Los resultados alcanzados representan una aportacion a la literatura y para el sector profesional.The present work examines the contextual value of a tourist in the brand equity of a tourist destination, measured by means of the Customer-Based Destination Brand Equity (CBDBE) Model. The aim of the study is to identify an explanatory model of CBDBE for a tourist, considering the indirect effect of other tourists from the same geographical area, based on the antecedent variables of self-congruity, motivation and value-creation. The investigation finds that, together with the direct effect of the antecedent variables on tourist CBDBE, these variables also exert an indirect effect, via other tourists from the same geographical area. A spatial econometric model is used, which includes the indirect effect that tourists from the same geographical area exert on the evaluation of CBDBE made by a given tourist. The results of the present study make a contribution to both the literature and to the professional sector.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO-2012-39217Junta de Andalucía P11 SEJ-810

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men